Down conductor and air termination: sizes, spacing and routing
The air termination is the part of a lightning protection system that takes the strike: rods, roof conductors, catenary wires, […]
Blogs
How to size an SPD: kA rating, Uc and Up, with worked examples
How to size an SPD, or surge protection device, comes down to four numbers. A Type 1 SPD needs an
IT Earthing System: How It Works and Which SPD It Needs
An IT earthing system keeps running after a first earth fault. See how faults are detected, when it must trip and how to choose SPD Uc.
Telecom Surge Protection: Where SPDs Go on a Cell Site
Telecom surge protection for cell sites: DC feeders to RRUs, AC mains, PoE and coax, and what decides Type 1, Type 2 or no SPD at each port.
SPD backup protection: fuse and breaker coordination
Learn how SPD backup protection works with gG fuses and circuit breakers, using IEC 61643-12 Tables N.1 and N.2 correctly.
What size MCB for SPD protection? Selection examples
To decide what size MCB for SPD protection to use, start with the SPD manufacturer’s coordination table: select the listed
EV Charger Surge Protection: Rules, Placement and Earthing
EV charger surge protection: what IEC 60364 asks for, how exposure decides Type 1+2 or Type 2, and why the SPD needs its own bonding connection.
Types of Earthing Systems: TN, TT and IT Compared
The types of earthing systems: IEC 60364’s three families and five arrangements, TN-S, TN-C, TN-C-S, TT and IT, and how each constrains SPD connection.